Reduction in hypoxia-derived neuroinflammation and dysfunctional glutamate transporters by minocycline may restore hypoxia-injured cognition of neonatal rat / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of minocycline on cognitive functions in neonatal rat after hypoxia exposure and the underlying mechanism. A model of hypoxic brain damage (HBD) was developed by exposing postnatal 1 day (P1) rats to systemic hypoxia. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (Hy group) or minocycline (Hy + M group) 2 h after hypoxia exposure. Some other P1 rats that were not subjected to systemic hypoxia were used as normal control (NG group). The Y-maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory ability on postnatal day 30. Inflammatory mediators (Iba-1, IL-1β, TNF-α and TGF-β1), glutamate transporters (EAAT1 and EAAT2), total Tau and phosphorylated Tau (phosphorylation sites: Tyr18, Thr205, Thr231, Ser396 and Ser404) protein expressions in the hippocampus were detected by Western blot 7 d after hypoxic exposure. The results showed that hypoxia induced learning and memory impairments of the neonatal rats, and minocycline administration could reverse the effects of hypoxia. The protein expression levels of Iba-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, EAAT2 and Tau phosphorylated at T231 were increased, but the total Tau expression was decreased in the hippocampus of the rats from Hy group 7 d after hypoxia exposure. In the hypoxia-treated rats, minocycline down-regulated Iba-1, IL-1β, TNF-α and EAAT2 protein expressions significantly, but did not affect total Tau and phosphorylated Tau protein expressions. Our results suggest that minocycline can prevent cognitive deficits of rats with hypoxia exposure, and the underlying mechanism may involve the inhibition of neuroinflammation and dysfunctional glutamate transporters but not the regulation of the Tau hyperphosphorylation.

Efficacy and safety of 308 nm excimer laser for vitiligo / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of the 308 nm excimer laser for the treatment of vitiligo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We treated 170 patients with stable vitiligo by using the 308 nm excimer laser. The lesions of vitiligo were treated one to two times per week for 10-30 times. Efficacies were evaluated every 7 days and 3 days after the treatments were completed. Patients were followed up for two months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rates of "remarkably improved" and "cured" were 67.97% and 32.03% in faces, 54.55% and 27.27% in necks, 63.26% and 26.53% in trunks, 38.84% and 15.70% in limbs, and 0 and 0 in hands and feet. The areas of faces had a better response than those of necks, trunks, or limbs (P < 0.01), and the areas of trunks or limbs had better response than that of hands and feet (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The 308 nm excimer laser is safe and effective in treating stable vitiligo and the efficacy varies in different lesion sites.</p>

Clinical efficacy of Q-switched Alexandrite laser for pigmentary skin diseases in 4656 patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Q-switched Alexandrite laser in the treatment of pigmentary skin, diseases ( PSDs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 4 656 patients with PSDs were treated with Q-switched Alexandrite laser. These PDSs included nevus of Ota, seborrheic keratosis, tattoo, naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, cafe-au-lait-spots, lentigo, naevus of Ito, and spilus naevus. The outcomes and adverse events after treatment were oberserved.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The response rate was 92.31% and the cure rate was 55.39% for nevus of Ota after six times of treatment, and the cure rate was 100% after nine times of treatment. The response rate was 100% for freckles, seborrheic keratosis, and naevus fuscocaeruleus zygomaticus after four times of treatment. The response rate was more than 77.18% and the cure rate was more than 50% for tattoos after three times of treatment, including amateur tattoo, artificial eyebrow, eyelid lines, and traumatic tattoo. However, after four times of treatment, the response rate and the cure rate were only 50. 00% and 21.43% for cafe-au-lait spots, and 50.00% and 25.00% for spilus naevus, respectively. The response rate was 35.29% for lentigo and 25.00% for naevus of Ito/ spilus naevus after four times of treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Q-switched Alexandrite laser is effective in the treatment of nevus of Ota, seborrheic keratosis, tattoo, and naevus fusco-caeruleus zygomaticus, but has limited efficacy for cafe-au-lait-spots, lentigo, naevus of Ito, and spilus naevus.</p>

Flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (585 nm) in the treatment of port-wine stains--a retrospective study of 2317 Chinese patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 585 nm flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (PDL) in the treatment of port-wine stains (PWS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review was performed in 2 317 patients with PWS who visited the Dermatology Laser Centre of PUMC Hospital and accepted treatment with 585 nm PDL. The correlation between the treatment efficacy and the treatment sessions, lesion types, and usage of other therapies were analyzed. The adverse effects were also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 2 317 patients with PWS received 1-13 consecutive treatments with PDL at 2-3-month intervals. The median number of treatment was 4.93 and the median energy density was 8.29 J/cm2. The response rate after 8 treatments sessions were 84%. The response rate in patients whose lesions are characterized as purple plaques with proliferation and treated with isotope, CO2, cryotherapy, and other treatments was significantly lower than the total response rate (P < 0.05). Superficial scar, hyperpigmentation, and hypopigmentation were found in 5.2%, 2.5%, and 4.0% of these patients, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>585 nm PDL is effective and safe in treating PWS.</p>

Effectiveness and safety of long-pulsed Alexandrite laser for hair removal in 1702 patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of long-pulsed Alexandrite laser for hair removal.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hair removal was performed in 1702 hirsute patients with long-pulsed Alexandrite laser. Among them 1603 patients received two or more operations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In patients who received 2, 3, 4, 5, and > or =6 operations, the effectiveness rates were 9.79%, 18.33%, 29.10%, 37.64%, and 82.68%, respectively. The number of operation correlated with the effectiveness, and > or =6 operations resulted in superior outcomes. Pigmentation occurred in 0.94% of the patients (16/1702).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The long-pulsed Alexandrite laser system is effective and safe in removing hair.</p>

Analysis of Hematology Changes in Children with Malaria / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze changes of three periodical circulation systems,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and bone marrow cell morphology in children with malaria.Methods The routine tests of hematology by Sysmex KX-21 Counter, erythrocyte sedimentation rate by Westergren method and bone marrow cell morphology were analyzed. Results In 22 cases of malaria the ratio of Hb level below 110 g/L,WBC below 4?10~9/L and PLT below 100?10~9/L was 68.2%, 41.0%, and 77.3%,respectively. The ratio of children with all three parameters (Hb, WBC and PLT) abnormal was 36.4%, with two parameters abnormal was 63.6%. Ninty-five point five percent of malaria children′s erythrocyte sedimentation rate was abnormal. Fifty-nine point one percent of malaria children had hyperplasia anemia bone marrow morphology, 77.3% secondary thrombocytopenia and 54.5% with both of two bone marrow morphology.Conclusions Three periodical circulation systems of malaria children alter notably, especially in PLT and Hb. The majority has erythrocyte sedimentation rate abnormal, and bone marrow cell morphology shows hyperplasia anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of brivudine once daily versus 4 times daily in the treatment of herpes zoster / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To assess efficacy and safety of oral brivudine 125 mg once daily versus 4 times daily in the treatment of herpes zoster.Methods A five-centre,randomized,double-blind,parallel- controlled study was performed on 226 patients with herpes zoster.Oral brivudine 125 mg was given once daily to 112 patients,and four times daily to 114 patients,both for 7 days.All patients were followed up for 3 weeks after the end of treatment.Results The time to the last formation of new vesicles was 3.88 days for the once daily group,and 3.79 days for the 4 times daily group,without significant differences between the two groups.There was also no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the time to total resolution of vesicles,time to first crusts,time to full crusting,time to first loss of crusts,time to full loss of crusts,time to first relief of pain,and time to complete relief of pain.Postherpetic neuralgia occurred in 34.5% of patients in the once daily group,and 30.4% of patients in the 4 times daily group.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 5.4% and 9.6%,in the once daily group and 4 times daily group, respectively.Conclusions Brivudine 125 mg once daily is equally effective,more convenient and safe in comparison with brivudine 125 mg 4 times daily for the treatment of herpes zoster.

Activation of STAT3 induced by cerebral ischemia in rat hippocampus and its possible mechanisms / 生理学报

It has been demonstrated that signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is activated after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in cortex and striatum. In this study, we investigated whether STAT3 was rapidly activated in hippocampus by cerebral ischemia without reperfusion in four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) model of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results showed that tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of STAT3 was rapidly increased by ischemia. The p-STAT3 level in cytoplasm increased 5 min after occlusion and reached a peak at 10 min following ischemia (1.7 folds vs sham) by means of immunoblotting (IB). P-STAT3 in nucleus was gradually enhanced with its peak activity occurring at 30 min of ischemia (2.3 folds vs sham). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with STAT3 probe demonstrated that DNA binding activity of STAT3 in nuclear extracts increased from 5 min and peaked at 30 min of ischemia (3.2 folds vs sham). These changes were prevented by genistein (a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor) and antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), but promoted by sodium orthovanadate (a protein phosphatase inhibitor), which were administered to the SD rats 20 min before ischemia. These results indicate that the activation of STAT3 following cerebral ischemia may be modulated by PTK/PTP, and that this pathway may be of benefit to the adaptation of the hippocampal neurons to oxidative stress.